By the year 2099, the world’s population is projected to stabilize or slowly decline after peaking mid-century, with estimates ranging from 9 to 10 billion people, depending on fertility trends and policy interventions. Africa will be the most populous continent, possibly home to over 4 billion people, driven by high birth rates in countries like Nigeria, Ethiopia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Asia’s population, after peaking earlier in the century, will likely plateau or decrease, with India remaining the most populous country, while China’s population continues to shrink due to aging and low fertility. Europe’s population will decline significantly, with many countries experiencing shrinking and aging populations. The Americas will see moderate growth, with the United States, Brazil, and Mexico remaining the largest countries, but Latin America’s population growth will slow as fertility rates fall. Oceania, led by Australia and Papua New Guinea, will see modest increases. Urbanization will be nearly universal, with megacities proliferating in Africa and Asia, and rural populations dwindling worldwide.
Rank | Country | Population | Population Density Per Square KM |
---|---|---|---|
1 | India | 1,489,433,701 | 501 |
2 | China | 940,518,037 | 100.8 |
3 | Nigeria | 846,494,588 | 929.4 |
4 | Congo Kinshasa | 578,080,460 | 255 |
5 | Pakistan | 475,296,037 | 616.6 |
6 | Ethiopia | 304,393,947 | 277.6 |
7 | Indonesia | 287,925,604 | 158.9 |
8 | Tanzania | 231,039,720 | 260.8 |
9 | Brazil | 205,458,306 | 24.6 |
10 | Egypt | 187,310,907 | 188.2 |
11 | Uganda | 185,606,229 | 941.7 |
12 | Angola | 185,216,992 | 148.6 |
13 | Philippines | 183,511,633 | 615.5 |
14 | Bangladesh | 166,067,937 | 1,275.8 |
15 | Niger | 154,456,805 | 121.9 |
16 | Sudan | 148,861,315 | 80 |
17 | Mexico | 143,206,952 | 73.7 |
18 | Mozambique | 130,790,297 | 166.3 |
19 | Kenya | 126,558,749 | 222.4 |
20 | Russia | 111,960,294 | 6.8 |
21 | Cameroon | 110,428,778 | 233.6 |
22 | Vietnam | 108,569,028 | 350.1 |
23 | Afghanistan | 97,786,765 | 149.9 |
24 | Iran | 88,144,676 | 57.6 |
25 | Ghana | 87,548,696 | 384.8 |
26 | Benin | 84,918,390 | 767.6 |
27 | Iraq | 83,557,711 | 191 |
28 | United Kingdom | 78,390,282 | 324 |
29 | Japan | 73,396,819 | 201.4 |
30 | Chad | 72,715,368 | 57.7 |
31 | Germany | 72,646,641 | 208.4 |
32 | Turkey | 71,801,633 | 93.3 |
33 | South Africa | 70,786,858 | 58.3 |
34 | Zambia | 70,688,896 | 95.1 |
35 | Mali | 69,695,434 | 57.1 |
36 | Côte d'Ivoire | 68,726,688 | 216.1 |
37 | France | 67,366,635 | 105.2 |
38 | Madagascar | 63,136,745 | 108.6 |
39 | Guinea | 62,659,414 | 255 |
40 | Italy | 61,811,253 | 210.1 |
41 | Algeria | 57,253,784 | 24 |
42 | Argentina | 56,245,823 | 20.6 |
43 | Burma | 56,087,628 | 85.8 |
44 | Yemen | 54,882,486 | 104 |
45 | Burkina Faso | 52,378,741 | 191.3 |
46 | Canada | 49,480,976 | 5.4 |
47 | Saudi Arabia | 49,148,688 | 22.9 |
48 | Burundi | 48,137,355 | 1,874.5 |
49 | Thailand | 47,739,790 | 93.4 |
50 | Malawi | 46,321,902 | 492.4 |
51 | Senegal | 45,175,579 | 234.6 |
52 | South Sudan | 44,879,188 | 69.7 |
53 | Malaysia | 42,547,213 | 129.5 |
54 | Australia | 41,896,393 | 5.5 |
55 | Syria | 39,768,245 | 213.9 |
56 | Morocco | 39,362,135 | 54.9 |
57 | Somalia | 38,735,760 | 61.7 |
58 | Zimbabwe | 38,366,826 | 99.2 |
59 | Spain | 37,716,965 | 75.6 |
60 | Colombia | 36,260,502 | 34.9 |
61 | Venezuela | 33,769,967 | 38.3 |
62 | Peru | 33,557,212 | 26.2 |
63 | South Korea | 32,871,473 | 339.2 |
64 | Uzbekistan | 31,406,709 | 73.8 |
65 | Nepal | 30,891,267 | 215.5 |
66 | Guatemala | 27,234,349 | 254.1 |
67 | Ukraine | 26,992,384 | 46.6 |
68 | Togo | 26,475,290 | 486.8 |
69 | North Korea | 24,129,480 | 200.4 |
70 | Poland | 22,834,744 | 75.1 |
71 | Kazakhstan | 22,756,546 | 8.4 |
72 | Sri Lanka | 22,747,680 | 352 |
73 | Rwanda | 22,649,146 | 918.2 |
74 | Papua New Guinea | 22,399,658 | 49.5 |
75 | Ecuador | 20,860,582 | 75.4 |
76 | Liberia | 20,462,215 | 212.4 |
77 | Sierra Leone | 20,420,060 | 285.1 |
78 | Jordan | 19,599,887 | 220.7 |
79 | Netherlands | 19,126,044 | 564.3 |
80 | Congo Brazzaville | 19,119,217 | 56 |
81 | Cambodia | 17,765,593 | 100.6 |
82 | Chile | 17,759,541 | 23.9 |
83 | Israel | 16,547,451 | 769.8 |
84 | Haiti | 15,329,200 | 556.2 |
85 | United Arab Emirates | 15,115,076 | 180.8 |
86 | Taiwan | 14,175,422 | 439.4 |
87 | Belgium | 14,115,148 | 466.2 |
88 | Tajikistan | 13,262,165 | 93.7 |
89 | Bolivia | 12,695,253 | 11.7 |
90 | Sweden | 12,298,476 | 30 |
91 | Switzerland | 11,694,718 | 292.4 |
92 | Dominican Republic | 11,684,567 | 241.8 |
93 | Romania | 11,543,769 | 50.2 |
94 | Central African Republic | 11,529,689 | 18.5 |
95 | Eritrea | 11,452,907 | 113.4 |
96 | Honduras | 11,142,586 | 99.6 |
97 | Libya | 10,833,773 | 6.2 |
98 | Tunisia | 10,298,691 | 66.3 |
99 | Laos | 9,882,372 | 42.8 |
100 | Azerbaijan | 9,800,098 | 118.6 |
101 | Austria | 9,774,126 | 118.6 |
102 | Czechia | 9,673,973 | 125.2 |
103 | Mauritania | 8,996,415 | 8.7 |
104 | Guinea-Bissau | 8,678,156 | 308.6 |
105 | Paraguay | 8,342,512 | 21 |
106 | Portugal | 7,897,717 | 86.3 |
107 | Greece | 7,754,104 | 59.4 |
108 | Cuba | 7,380,152 | 67.2 |
109 | Norway | 7,317,067 | 24 |
110 | Ireland | 7,311,212 | 106.1 |
111 | Denmark | 6,838,700 | 161.2 |
112 | Singapore | 6,786,235 | 9,571.6 |
113 | Gabon | 6,693,391 | 26 |
114 | Hungary | 6,672,903 | 74.5 |
115 | Belarus | 6,572,747 | 32.4 |
116 | Oman | 6,542,316 | 21.1 |
117 | Panama | 6,518,034 | 87.7 |
118 | New Zealand | 6,383,114 | 24.1 |
119 | Kyrgyzstan | 6,358,307 | 33.2 |
120 | Turkmenistan | 6,208,054 | 13.2 |
121 | Costa Rica | 5,910,457 | 115.8 |
122 | Nicaragua | 5,611,760 | 46.8 |
123 | Namibia | 5,593,321 | 6.8 |
124 | Hong Kong | 5,322,497 | 4,960.4 |
125 | Finland | 5,295,901 | 17.4 |
126 | The Gambia | 5,067,477 | 500.7 |
127 | West Bank | 4,815,965 | 853.9 |
128 | Equatorial Guinea | 4,711,958 | 168 |
129 | El Salvador | 4,661,144 | 224.9 |
130 | Kuwait | 4,470,596 | 250.9 |
131 | Lebanon | 4,319,173 | 422.2 |
132 | Serbia | 4,058,697 | 52.4 |
133 | Bulgaria | 4,011,309 | 37 |
134 | Georgia | 3,978,669 | 57.1 |
135 | Botswana | 3,705,314 | 6.5 |
136 | Gaza Strip | 3,674,219 | 10,206.2 |
137 | Slovakia | 3,649,448 | 75.9 |
138 | Mongolia | 3,296,224 | 2.1 |
139 | Jamaica | 3,148,410 | 290.7 |
140 | Uruguay | 3,140,657 | 17.9 |
141 | Qatar | 2,846,847 | 245.7 |
142 | Timor-Leste | 2,680,290 | 180.2 |
143 | Croatia | 2,679,619 | 47.9 |
144 | Lesotho | 2,659,610 | 87.6 |
145 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2,136,494 | 41.7 |
146 | Kosovo | 2,031,801 | 186.6 |
147 | Bahrain | 1,915,800 | 2,520.8 |
148 | Albania | 1,848,949 | 67.5 |
149 | Slovenia | 1,681,921 | 83.5 |
150 | North Macedonia | 1,645,860 | 64.7 |
151 | Djibouti | 1,571,740 | 67.8 |
152 | Lithuania | 1,513,233 | 24.1 |
153 | Moldova | 1,487,604 | 45.2 |
154 | Puerto Rico | 1,347,254 | 151.9 |
155 | Armenia | 1,312,746 | 46.5 |
156 | Eswatini | 1,228,001 | 71.4 |
157 | Comoros | 1,220,159 | 545.9 |
158 | Luxembourg | 1,196,197 | 462.6 |
159 | Solomon Islands | 1,154,700 | 41.3 |
160 | Cyprus | 1,040,462 | 112.6 |
161 | Trinidad and Tobago | 951,097 | 185.5 |
162 | Bhutan | 950,178 | 24.7 |
163 | Fiji | 903,810 | 49.5 |
164 | Mauritius | 842,272 | 414.9 |
165 | Latvia | 834,315 | 13.4 |
166 | Suriname | 828,820 | 5.3 |
167 | Brunei | 815,294 | 154.9 |
168 | Belize | 733,173 | 32.1 |
169 | Cabo Verde | 703,622 | 174.5 |
170 | Guyana | 646,163 | 3.3 |
171 | Estonia | 629,952 | 14.9 |
172 | Macau | 624,610 | 22,307.5 |
173 | Vanuatu | 500,148 | 41 |
174 | Malta | 473,763 | 1,499.2 |
175 | Iceland | 435,495 | 4.3 |
176 | New Caledonia | 418,799 | 22.9 |
177 | Maldives | 397,651 | 1,334.4 |
178 | The Bahamas | 397,537 | 39.7 |
179 | Sao Tome and Principe | 381,026 | 395.3 |
180 | Montenegro | 372,812 | 27.7 |
181 | French Polynesia | 281,779 | 73.6 |
182 | Samoa | 274,548 | 97.3 |
183 | Barbados | 236,453 | 549.9 |
184 | Aruba | 192,454 | 1,069.2 |
185 | Kiribati | 140,987 | 173.8 |
186 | Antigua and Barbuda | 136,511 | 308.2 |
187 | Cayman Islands | 133,543 | 505.8 |
188 | Curaçao | 125,012 | 281.6 |
189 | Guam | 123,758 | 227.5 |
190 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 112,911 | 119.1 |
191 | Jersey | 108,143 | 932.3 |
192 | Grenada | 100,824 | 293.1 |
193 | Saint Lucia | 96,204 | 158.8 |
194 | Marshall Islands | 93,357 | 515.8 |
195 | Tonga | 88,664 | 123.7 |
196 | Isle of Man | 86,459 | 151.2 |
197 | Seychelles | 77,228 | 169.7 |
198 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 76,998 | 197.9 |
199 | Guernsey | 66,761 | 855.9 |
200 | Bermuda | 60,555 | 1,121.4 |
201 | Faroe Islands | 60,232 | 43.2 |
202 | Sint Maarten | 59,621 | 1,753.6 |
203 | British Virgin Islands | 58,786 | 389.3 |
204 | U.S. Virgin Islands | 53,153 | 152.7 |
205 | Andorra | 51,582 | 110.2 |
206 | Federated States of Micronesia | 49,178 | 70.1 |
207 | Liechtenstein | 49,094 | 306.8 |
208 | Dominica | 48,523 | 64.6 |
209 | Greenland | 44,099 | 0 |
210 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 43,664 | 167.3 |
211 | Anguilla | 39,149 | 430.2 |
212 | Saint Martin | 36,793 | 681.4 |
213 | Northern Mariana Islands | 36,341 | 77 |
214 | Monaco | 29,231 | 14,615.5 |
215 | San Marino | 28,329 | 464.4 |
216 | Gibraltar | 21,143 | 3,020.4 |
217 | Palau | 19,525 | 42.5 |
218 | American Samoa | 18,965 | 95.8 |
219 | Nauru | 13,219 | 629.5 |
220 | Wallis and Futuna | 12,599 | 88.7 |
221 | Tuvalu | 12,277 | 472.2 |
222 | Saint Barthelemy | 6,695 | 267.8 |
223 | Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha | 5,663 | 14.4 |
224 | Cook Islands | 4,221 | 17.9 |
225 | Montserrat | 3,534 | 34.6 |
226 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 2,253 | 9.3 |
Data from US Census International Database