Mozambique Rate of Natural Increase

Mozambique’s rate of natural increase (RNI)—the difference between its crude birth rate and crude death rate—remains one of the highest in southern Africa, at around 2.5% per year as of 2023. This high RNI is driven by a youthful population and a high fertility rate, despite improvements in healthcare that have gradually reduced mortality. When compared to neighboring countries, Mozambique’s RNI is higher than South Africa’s (which is below 1%), reflecting South Africa’s lower fertility and higher median age. It is similar to Malawi’s and Tanzania’s RNIs, both of which also exceed 2%, due to comparable demographic profiles and health challenges. In contrast, Zimbabwe and Eswatini have lower RNIs, partly because of higher HIV/AIDS prevalence and lower fertility rates. Thus, while Mozambique shares high population growth dynamics with some neighbors, it stands out in the region for its persistently rapid natural increase.

Data from US Census International Database