Turkmenistan's population has experienced steady growth since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. In the early 1990s, the population was around 3.7 million, and by 2024, estimates place it at approximately 6.5 million. The country's population growth rate has generally been moderate, averaging around 1-1.5% annually over the past decade. This growth is influenced by relatively high birth rates compared to death rates, although net migration has fluctuated, with periods of emigration due to economic factors. Urbanization is gradually increasing, with more people moving to cities such as Ashgabat, but a significant portion of the population still resides in rural areas. Overall, Turkmenistan's population growth reflects both natural increase and the impact of migration trends in the region.
| Year | Population | Population Density Per Square KM |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 1,204,075 | 2.6 |
| 1955 | 1,347,774 | 2.9 |
| 1960 | 1,584,820 | 3.4 |
| 1965 | 1,882,148 | 4 |
| 1970 | 2,181,272 | 4.6 |
| 1975 | 2,523,906 | 5.4 |
| 1980 | 2,875,133 | 6.1 |
| 1985 | 3,240,472 | 6.9 |
| 1990 | 3,658,462 | 7.8 |
| 1995 | 4,078,729 | 8.7 |
| 2000 | 4,385,490 | 9.3 |
| 2005 | 4,664,154 | 9.9 |
| 2010 | 4,940,152 | 10.5 |
| 2015 | 5,228,010 | 11.1 |
| 2020 | 5,522,684 | 11.8 |
| 2022 | 5,636,011 | 12 |
| 2023 | 5,690,818 | 12.1 |
| 2024 | 5,744,151 | 12.2 |
| 2025 | 5,795,896 | 12.3 |
| 2030 | 6,027,837 | 12.8 |
| 2035 | 6,216,739 | 13.2 |
| 2040 | 6,374,645 | 13.6 |
| 2045 | 6,511,718 | 13.9 |
| 2050 | 6,627,470 | 14.1 |
| 2055 | 6,712,130 | 14.3 |
| 2060 | 6,757,599 | 14.4 |
| 2065 | 6,764,453 | 14.4 |
| 2070 | 6,737,353 | 14.3 |
| 2075 | 6,682,234 | 14.2 |
| 2080 | 6,605,049 | 14.1 |
| 2085 | 6,512,170 | 13.9 |
| 2090 | 6,409,465 | 13.6 |
| 2095 | 6,300,470 | 13.4 |
| 2100 | 6,183,988 | 13.2 |
Data from US Census International Database