Bosnia and Herzegovina has experienced significant demographic changes over the past several decades. Following steady growth in the mid-20th century, the country’s population peaked in the early 1990s at around 4.4 million. However, the Bosnian War (1992–1995) caused substantial loss of life and led to the displacement of large segments of the population, both internally and through emigration. Since then, Bosnia and Herzegovina has faced a persistent population decline, driven by low birth rates, high mortality, and continued emigration, especially among young people seeking better economic opportunities abroad. As of 2023, the population is estimated to be around 3.2 million, and projections indicate that this downward trend is likely to continue unless significant social and economic changes occur.
| Year | Population | Population Density Per Square KM |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 2,662,000 | 52 |
| 1955 | 2,974,000 | 58.1 |
| 1960 | 3,240,000 | 63.3 |
| 1965 | 3,493,000 | 68.2 |
| 1970 | 3,703,000 | 72.3 |
| 1975 | 3,980,000 | 77.8 |
| 1980 | 4,092,000 | 79.9 |
| 1985 | 4,226,764 | 82.6 |
| 1990 | 4,314,951 | 84.3 |
| 1995 | 3,546,650 | 69.3 |
| 2000 | 3,805,513 | 74.3 |
| 2005 | 3,893,098 | 76.1 |
| 2010 | 3,884,835 | 75.9 |
| 2015 | 3,865,491 | 75.5 |
| 2020 | 3,832,751 | 74.9 |
| 2022 | 3,816,459 | 74.6 |
| 2023 | 3,807,764 | 74.4 |
| 2024 | 3,798,671 | 74.2 |
| 2025 | 3,789,077 | 74 |
| 2030 | 3,730,292 | 72.9 |
| 2035 | 3,649,137 | 71.3 |
| 2040 | 3,546,651 | 69.3 |
| 2045 | 3,429,208 | 67 |
| 2050 | 3,303,663 | 64.5 |
| 2055 | 3,172,527 | 62 |
| 2060 | 3,037,135 | 59.3 |
| 2065 | 2,900,289 | 56.7 |
| 2070 | 2,764,748 | 54 |
| 2075 | 2,633,710 | 51.5 |
| 2080 | 2,510,134 | 49 |
| 2085 | 2,396,206 | 46.8 |
| 2090 | 2,293,506 | 44.8 |
| 2095 | 2,202,315 | 43 |
| 2100 | 2,120,825 | 41.4 |
Data from US Census International Database