Thorny oysters, belonging to the family Spondylidae, are bivalve mollusks known for their robust, spiny shells and vibrant colors. Unlike true oysters, they attach themselves to hard substrates in warm, shallow marine waters, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The term "Not Elsewhere Included" refers to thorny oyster species that are not classified under more specific trade or statistical categories. The leading countries harvesting these lesser-known thorny oysters include the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam, where they are collected both for their edible flesh and their decorative shells, which are prized in jewelry and ornament crafts. The fishing industry for thorny oysters in these nations is often small-scale and artisanal, supporting coastal communities and local markets, though some export occurs, especially for the shell trade. Sustainable management is increasingly important, as overharvesting and habitat loss can threaten local populations.
| Rank | Country | Metric Tons |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mexico | 235 |
Data from FAO. 2025. Global Capture Production. In: Fisheries and Aquaculture.