Top Hilsa Shad Fishing Countries

The Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) is a prized migratory fish species renowned for its delicate flavor and high economic value, particularly in South Asia. This anadromous fish, belonging to the herring family, thrives in both freshwater and coastal marine environments, migrating upstream to spawn in rivers. Bangladesh is the world’s leading producer of Hilsa, accounting for around 75% of the global catch, where the fish is a national symbol and a vital part of the economy and cuisine. India, especially the states of West Bengal and Odisha, is the second-largest harvester, with significant cultural and culinary importance. Myanmar also contributes notably to Hilsa production, particularly from the Ayeyarwady Delta. Smaller catches are reported from Pakistan, and to a lesser extent, from countries like Iran and Iraq along the Persian Gulf. The Hilsa fishing industry is crucial for the livelihoods of millions, though it faces challenges such as overfishing, habitat loss, and the need for sustainable management to ensure the species’ long-term survival.

Data from FAO. 2025. Global Capture Production. In: Fisheries and Aquaculture.