Sudan, with its access to the Nile River and several large reservoirs such as Lake Nubia, has a modest but important inland fishing industry. Historically, fishing in Sudan has been primarily artisanal, providing local communities with a vital source of protein and livelihood. The top fish species caught include Nile perch (Lates niloticus), tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), catfish (Clarias spp.), and tigerfish (Hydrocynus spp.). The industry saw growth in the mid-20th century with the construction of dams and the expansion of Lake Nubia, which increased fish habitat and catch potential. However, the sector remains underdeveloped due to limited infrastructure, technology, and investment, with most fish consumed locally rather than exported. Despite these challenges, fishing continues to play a crucial role in food security and rural economies along the Nile and its tributaries in Sudan.
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Data from FAO. 2025. Global Capture Production. In: Fisheries and Aquaculture.