The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) is a long-lived, freshwater and anadromous fish native to the rivers of Siberia, particularly the Ob, Yenisei, and Lena river basins. Prized for its delicate flesh and high-value caviar, the Siberian sturgeon has become a cornerstone of both wild and aquaculture-based fisheries. Historically, Russia has been the primary country harvesting this species, with wild stocks heavily exploited throughout the 20th century. Due to overfishing and habitat loss, wild catches have declined, and today, aquaculture dominates production. In addition to Russia, countries such as France, China, and Germany have developed significant sturgeon farming industries, focusing on sustainable caviar and meat production. These nations now lead global Siberian sturgeon output, with strict regulations and advanced breeding techniques helping to relieve pressure on wild populations while meeting international demand for sturgeon products.
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Data from FAO. 2025. Global Capture Production. In: Fisheries and Aquaculture.