Top Freshwater Molluscs Not Elsewhere Included Fishing Countries

Freshwater molluscs, a diverse group including mussels, clams, and snails, are harvested for food, pearls, and ornamental uses across various regions. The top countries engaged in the capture and farming of freshwater molluscs—excluding major, well-known species like the Chinese pond mussel—are China, Thailand, India, and Vietnam. These nations benefit from extensive river systems and aquaculture infrastructure, making them leading producers. The industry is often small-scale and supports local economies, with molluscs consumed domestically or exported to neighboring countries. China dominates global production, both from wild capture and aquaculture, while Thailand and Vietnam focus on edible species and pearl production. India’s freshwater mollusc industry is notable for its use in lime production and traditional crafts. Overall, the sector faces challenges from habitat degradation and overfishing, prompting increased interest in sustainable management and aquaculture development.

Data from FAO. 2025. Global Capture Production. In: Fisheries and Aquaculture.