The dotted grouper (Epinephelus epistictus), also known as the dotted rockcod, is a medium-sized reef-dwelling fish recognized by its brownish body adorned with numerous small dark spots. This species inhabits tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific, frequenting coral reefs and rocky substrates. Dotted groupers are highly valued in commercial and artisanal fisheries for their firm, white flesh and are often targeted for both local markets and export, especially in the live reef fish trade. The top countries harvesting dotted grouper include Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand, where the species is caught using handlines, traps, and sometimes spearfishing. These nations have developed significant grouper fisheries, supplying both domestic demand and international markets, particularly in East Asia. However, overfishing and habitat degradation have raised concerns about the sustainability of dotted grouper populations, prompting some countries to implement management measures and promote aquaculture as an alternative.
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Data from FAO. 2025. Global Capture Production. In: Fisheries and Aquaculture.