2065 Megacities

By 2065, the world’s megacities—urban centers with populations exceeding 10 million—have grown not only in size but also in complexity and diversity. Cities like Lagos, Dhaka, and Kinshasa have surged ahead, reflecting rapid population growth in Africa and South Asia, while traditional giants such as Tokyo, Shanghai, and New York have experienced slower growth or even stabilization due to aging populations and urban planning policies. Lagos, once a colonial port, has transformed into a sprawling economic powerhouse, its population surpassing 40 million as rural migration and high birth rates fuel expansion. Meanwhile, Tokyo, which peaked in the early 21st century, has focused on technological innovation and urban renewal to maintain its status despite a shrinking population. In contrast, cities like Jakarta and Mumbai have faced immense challenges with infrastructure and climate resilience, spurring ambitious adaptation projects. The histories of these megacities—shaped by colonial legacies, industrialization, and globalization—continue to influence their trajectories, with newer megacities often characterized by youthful demographics and dynamic economies, while older ones leverage their established infrastructures and global connections to remain relevant in an increasingly urbanized world.

Data from UN World Urbanization Prospects